Burkholder, in Encyclopedia of Inland Waters, 2009 Introduction. In 2011, for example, Lake Erie experienced its most severe bloom of toxic algae on record. Harmful algal blooms (HABs) are on the rise worldwide. Despite a solid understanding of what factors contribute to algal blooms, it is still very difficult to predict when and where they will occur. Algal blooms sometimes are natural phenomena, but their frequency, duration and intensity are increased by nutrient pollution. Lake Erie, however, saw a reemergence of the algal blooms and the growth of the dead zone in the mid-1990s, and the problems are worsening. The phenomena of "algae blooms", when the population of algae … An algal bloom is a rapid increase in the density of algae in an aquatic system. Harmful algal blooms (HABs) have been observed in nature for centuries, but recently these blooms have increased in frequency and intensity in both fresh and marine waters (O’Neil, 2012). Outbreaks of algae have killed up to a million fish in the Murray Darling Basin over the last two weeks. Algae blooms can turn the water green and smelly, contribute to fish kills, and may produce toxins that pose a health risk to people and animals. Algae vary from small, single-celled forms to complex multi-cellular forms. Harmful algal blooms (HABs) are a major issue in marine, brackish, and freshwater systems worldwide (Hallegraeff, 1993).Algal blooms are not a new phenomenon and occur naturally in fertile regions (such as the North American prairies), with historical accounts of these outbreaks dating back at least two millennia (Carmichael, 2008).However, with the increasing environmental … A harmful algal bloom (HAB) contains organisms (usually algae, hence the name) that can severely lower oxygen levels in natural waters, killing organisms in marine or fresh waters.Some HABs are associated with algae-produced toxins. Blooms can last from a few days to many months. Altered ocean currents: leads to changes in connectivity and temperature regimes that contribute to lack of food for corals and hampers dispersal of coral larvae. J.M. These types of algae blooms are referred to as Harmful Algal Blooms or HABs. Last fall a toxic algal bloom in the lake forced officials to shut off a public water supply system in Ohio. In August of 2014, 500,000 Toledo, Ohio residents were told not to drink, cook with, or bathe in their tap water, as it was deemed too toxic due to an extensive algal bloom in Lake Erie. Harmful algal blooms in inland waters are operationally defined from both ecological and socioeconomic contexts. There are factors that contribute to algal blooms, including limiting nutrients, climate change, and pollution. Depending on the type of algae or bacteria that cause it, an algal bloom may produce bad-smelling scum, foam, froth, or a paintlike slick. Changes in precipitation: increased runoff of freshwater, sediment, and land-based pollutants contribute to algal blooms and cause murky water conditions that reduce light. Given the various factors that influence the presence of algal blooms, this indicator can be considered an important way to track climate change.
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