A number of Westerners have embarked with varying degrees of success on the path of Sufism. [154] The marvels ascribed to Islamic saints have included supernatural physical actions, predictions of the future, and "interpretation of the secrets of hearts". It was from these ideas that the practice of whirling Dervishes developed into a ritual form. Archetype, 2010. [2][35], Greater Balkh was at that time a major centre of Persian culture[24][34][36] and Sufism had developed there for several centuries. Its ability to articulate an inclusive Islamic identity with greater emphasis on personal and small-group piety has made Sufism especially well-suited for contexts characterized by religious pluralism and secularist perspectives. [44] Upon his death, his followers and his son Sultan Walad founded the Mevlevi Order, also known as the Order of the Whirling Dervishes, famous for the Sufi dance known as the Sama ceremony. LOTE EN Bº LA CAÑADA – COD 163. While all Muslims believe that they are on the pathway to Allah and hope to become close to God in Paradise—after death and after the Last Judgment—Sufis also believe that it is possible to draw closer to God and to more fully embrace the divine presence in this life. [111] This is the way of Imam Al-Ghazali and of the majority of the Sufi orders. While whirling, his arms are open: his right arm is directed to the sky, ready to receive God's beneficence; his left hand, upon which his eyes are fastened, is turned toward the earth. [112], On 30 September 2007, Iranian school bells were rung throughout the country in honour of Mewlana. Rumi spent the next twelve years of his life in Anatolia dictating the six volumes of this masterwork, the Masnavi, to Hussam. [84] Notable as well are the lives of Amadou Bamba and El Hadj Umar Tall in West Africa, and Sheikh Mansur and Imam Shamil in the Caucasus. At the beginning of the Sema, by holding his arms crosswise, the semazen appears to represent the number one, thus testifying to God's unity. Ghazal is an Arabic word also used in Farsi, for a specific form of poem. Dargahs are often associated with Sufi eating and meeting rooms and hostels, called khanqah or hospices. "[102] Sufis have historically stressed the importance of Muhammad's perfection and his ability to intercede. He also served as a Molvi (Islamic teacher) and taught his adherents in the madrassa. Stream O Heart... - Rumi "Ghazal 563" from Divan-e Shams-e Tabrizi by Footprints of Rumi from desktop or your mobile device For these and other reasons, the relationship between traditional Islamic scholars and Sufism is complex, and a range of scholarly opinion on Sufism in Islam has been the norm. This practice of dhikr is called Dhikr-e-Qulb (invocation of Allah within the heartbeats). THE LOOSING SOUL IN GHAZAL 119 POEM BY JALALUDDIN RUMI . I am the dust on the path of Muhammad, the Chosen one. حملهٔ دیگر بمیرم از بشر The term neo-Sufism was originally coined by Fazlur Rahman and used by other scholars to describe reformist currents among 18th century Sufi orders, whose goal was to remove some of the more ecstatic and pantheistic elements of the Sufi tradition and reassert the importance of Islamic law as the basis for inner spirituality and social activism. [citation needed]. Franklin D. Lewis, Rumi: Past and Present, East and West: The Life, Teaching, and Poetry of Jalâl al-Din Rumi, rev. After Salah ud-Din's death, Rumi's scribe and favourite student, Hussam-e Chalabi, assumed the role of Rumi's companion. Bosworth, E. van Donzel and W.P. This article is about Sufism. Ongoing efforts by both traditionally trained Muslim scholars and Western academics are making al-Ghazali's works more widely available in English translation, allowing English-speaking readers to judge for themselves the compatibility of Islamic Law and Sufi doctrine. Franklin Lewis, Rumi: Past and Present, East and West, Oneworld Publications, 2000. Bayazid Bastami is a very well recognized and influential Sufi personality. Urdu word Ghazal refers to cry of a doe dear when hunted. Rumi encouraged Sama, listening to music and turning or doing the sacred dance. He is widely known by the sobriquet Mawlānā/Molānā[1][5] (Persian: مولانا Persian pronunciation: [moulɒːnɒ]) in Iran and popularly known as Mevlânâ in Turkey. [181][citation needed], The Shadhili is a Sufi order founded by Abu-l-Hassan ash-Shadhili. [33], Rumi was born to native Persian-speaking parents,[18][19][34] originally from the Balkh, which at the time was part of the Khwarezmian Empire, but is now in present-day Afghanistan. Dia adalah Tuhan Yang Maha Pengasih dengan seluas-luasnya dan Maha Penyayang kepada hamba-hamba-Nya. A concise and useful summary of this system from a living exponent of this tradition has been published by Muhammad Emin Er. Read Mewlana Jalaluddin Rumi poem:I was dead, then alive. These interact in various ways, producing the spiritual types of the tyrant (dominated by nafs), the person of faith and moderation (dominated by the spiritual heart), and the person lost in love for God (dominated by the ruh). It is a customary dance performed within the sema, through which dervishes (also called semazens, from Persian سماعزن) aim to reach the source of all perfection, or kemal. Istanbul alone had more than 250 tekkes as well as small centres for gatherings of various fraternities; this law dissolved the Sufi Orders, prohibited the use of mystical names, titles and costumes pertaining to their titles, impounded the Orders' assets, and banned their ceremonies and meetings. Safavid conversion of Iran from majority Sunni to Shia, celebration of the birthdays of Sufi saints, Learn how and when to remove this template message, The Reconstruction of Religious Thought in Islam, "Sufism, Sufis, and Sufi Orders: Sufism's Many Paths", "Taking Initiation (Bay'ah) | The Naqshbandiyya Nazimiyya Sufi Order of America: Sufism and Spirituality", "Khalifa Ali bin Abu Talib - Ali, The Father of Sufism - Alim.org", https://www.britannica.com/biography/Jami, https://www.academia.edu/40141803/Persian_Poetry_Sufism_and_Ismailism_The_Testimony_of_Khwajah_Qasim_Tushtaris_Recognizing_God, "Dr. Jonathan AC Brown - What is Sufism? Sign up and enjoy FREE unlimited access to a whole Universe of Urdu Poetry, Language Learning, Sufi Mysticism, Rare Texts . Soul in Ghazal 119 Poem by Jalaluddin Rumi” as the title of my final project. [58] The 13th century Mevlâna Mausoleum, with its mosque, dance hall, schools and living quarters for dervishes, remains a destination of pilgrimage to this day, and is probably the most popular pilgrimage site to be regularly visited by adherents of every major religion. [80][79], However, defying these predictions, Sufism and Sufi orders have continued to play a major role in the Muslim world, also expanding into Muslim-minority countries. However, their home was not in the actual city of Balkh, since the mid-eighth century a center of Muslim culture in (Greater) Khorasan (Iran and Central Asia). — [Translation of Quran, 48:10], Sufis believe that by giving bayʿah (pledging allegiance) to a legitimate Sufi Shaykh, one is pledging allegiance to Muhammad; therefore, a spiritual connection between the seeker and Muhammad is established. [49] Tasawwuf is regarded as a science of the soul that has always been an integral part of Orthodox Islam. Bawa Muhaiyaddeen (died 1986) was a Sufi Sheikh from Sri Lanka. The literature of Sufism emphasizes highly subjective matters that resist outside observation, such as the subtle states of the heart. by Amin Banani and Anthony A. Lee, p. 3, harvnb error: no target: CITEREFLewis2000 (, Eliza Tasbihi, "Sabzawārī’s Sharḥ-i Asrār: A Philosophical Commentary on Rūmī’s Mathnawī" in. The vow of obedience to the Shaykh or Qutb which is taken by Sufis is considered incompatible with devotion to the Imam". They finally settled in Karaman for seven years; Rumi's mother and brother both died there. Rumi embeds his theosophy (transcendental philosophy) like a string through the beads of his poems and stories. [26], Important contributions in writing are attributed to Uwais al-Qarani, Hasan of Basra, Harith al-Muhasibi, Abu Nasr as-Sarraj and Said ibn al-Musayyib. Ghazal. [88], To the Sufi, it is the transmission of divine light from the teacher's heart to the heart of the student, rather than worldly knowledge, that allows the adept to progress. (Franklin Lewis, "Rumi: Past and Present, East and West: The Life, Teachings and Poetry of Jalal al-Din Rumi," One World Publication Limited, 2008). An international ceremony and conference were held in Tehran; the event was opened by the Iranian president and the chairman of the Iranian parliament. [citation needed] These transcendental philosophers are often studied together in traditional schools of irfan, philosophy and theosophy throughout the Muslim world.[78]. [90][91] However, this belief puts Sufism in "direct conflict" with Shia Islam, since both the Qutb (who for most Sufi orders is the head of the order) and the Imam fulfill the role of "the purveyor of spiritual guidance and of Allah's grace to mankind". The songs are classified into hamd, na'at, manqabat, marsiya or ghazal, among others. Once again I will become sacrificed from (the state of) the angel, For an introduction to the normative creed of Islam as espoused by the consensus of scholars, see Hamza Yusuf. What can I say in praise of that great one? 1993. [6][7] Sufism began very early in Islamic history[6] and represents "the main manifestation and the most important and central crystallization of" mystical practice in Islam. [114] Iranian musician Shahram Nazeri was awarded the Légion d'honneur and Iran's House of Music Award in 2007 for his renowned works on Rumi masterpieces. I was convinced that the group of Aulia (holy mystics) is the only truthful group who follow the right path, display best conduct and surpass all sages in their wisdom and insight. Walī (Arabic: ولي, plural ʾawliyāʾ أولياء) is an Arabic word whose literal meanings include "custodian", "protector", "helper", and "friend. [32] Sufi orders are based on the bay‘ah (بَيْعَة bay‘ah, مُبَايَعَة mubāya‘ah 'pledge, allegiance') that was given to Muhammad by his Ṣahabah. Read Ebooks of Maulana Jalaluddin Rumi on Rekhta Ebook Library. Rabi'a al-'Adawiyya or Rabia of Basra (died 801) was a mystic who represents countercultural elements of Sufism, especially with regards to the status and power of women. His order was Junaidia, which links to the golden chain of many Sufi orders. [107][108], The Amman Message, a detailed statement issued by 200 leading Islamic scholars in 2005 in Amman, specifically recognized the validity of Sufism as a part of Islam. [67] An abridged translation (from an Urdu translation) of The Alchemy of Happiness was published by Claud Field[68] in 1910. In July 2016, at International Sufi Festival[211] held in Noida Film City, UP, India, H.E. Encyclopaedia of Islam. The symbolic emblem of the Naqshbandi Sufi Order, Grave of Ma Yuanzhang, the Sufi Grand Master, in China, Allah's essence within a disciple's heart, associated with the Sarwari Qadri Order, Mirror calligraphy, symbolizing the Sufi Bektashi Order of the Dervish, Safaviyya star from ceiling of Shah Mosque, Isfahan, A symbol from the Mughal Empire: an amulet comprising magic squares, Quranic verses (including Al-Baqara 255 (Throne Verse) (2:255) running around the frame), and invocations to God, with a depiction of Zulfiqar at the center, Sufi mysticism has long exercised a fascination upon the Western world, and especially its Orientalist scholars. [173] She is said to have proclaimed, running down the streets of Basra, Iraq: O God! One of the first to return to Europe as an official representative of a Sufi order, and with the specific purpose to spread Sufism in Western Europe, was the Swedish-born wandering Sufi Ivan Aguéli.
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