Fatal vaccine-induced canine distemper virus infection in black-footed ferrets. However, it can also affect ferrets. CDV has a wide host range6 and unmonitored infections of the wildlife population are a potential threat to the pet ferret population (FIGURE 1). Infections caused by a morbillivirus are spread by aerosol transmission and show a highly contagious pattern. In the early phase, distemper inclusions can be found in small numbers in circulating lymphocytes. A successful response to vaccination depends on the patient’s immune system. If a patient is presented with neurological, gastrointestinal and respiratory signs distemper should be considered as a differential diagnosis.1 Early recognition and preventative vaccination are therefore imperative. As a member of the canine family tree, the mustelid family is highly susceptible to canine distemper. This is where the first phase of viral replication occurs.6 Clinically, this phase is observed 3 to 6 days after infection. Clinical signs begin 7–10 days after infection and start as fever and dermatitis on the chin and inguinal area, progressing to anorexia, erythema of mucus membranes, and mucopurulent ocular and nasal discharge. It … Lempp C, Spitzbarth I, Puff C, et al. It can be passed to pet ferrets by exposure to other ferrets, infected dogs, or raccoons or other wildlife and can be carried into the home on contaminated shoes or clothing. Find answers to health, behavior and nutrition questions about dogs and cats. However, your veterinarian may run distemper tests on the ferret if it is showing signs of pneumonia or any of the other symptoms listed above. In this article, we provide a basic review of the 2 diseases, highl … Measles (Canine Distemper Virus) in Ferrets. Get the latest peer-reviewed clinical resources delivered to your inbox. Of note, during the previously mentioned 2006 outbreak in Spain, none of the affected animals showed any neurologic signs.4 Depending on the strain of the virus, patients may be moribund after 16 days of infection, a condition that justifies humane euthanasia or results in death. Vaccination is the process of giving a weakened form of an infectious organism in order to create a response from the patient’s immune system that will not actually … This process prevents the virus from replicating in the ferret’s body and eliminates the possibility of the ferret accidentally contracting distemper from the vaccine. Immunocytochemistry (fluorescent antibody testing) can be performed, and submitted samples should contain cells from the conjunctival, tonsillar, genital, and respiratory epithelia. Most dogs are protected from distemper by their annual inoculation, and it is now a very rare condition in the UK, simply because of the availability of reliable vaccines. Canine distemper (CD) is a contagious disease caused by a large RNA paramyxovirus. Ferrets are vaccinated annually for rabies and canine distemper. Safety and immunogenicity of this product have been demonstrated by vaccination and challenge tests in susceptible ferrets. Canine distemper is very easily transmitted to ferrets, has no cure and is fatal. Signs of Canine Distemper Virus. Rashes can occur between the hind legs which are red in appearance. Postmortem findings show classic acidophilic inclusion bodies in the cytoplasm of epithelial cells of the mucous membranes, reticulum cells, leukocytes, glia, and neurons.6. Adult ferrets that have never had any distemper vaccinations in their lives need to initially have a series of two vaccinations two to three weeks apart to develop a strong immunity for a year. It is very serious and can be fatal. PUREVAX Ferret Distemper Indications Some medications that are generally prescribed by a veterinarian include antiviral agents and antibiotics. Supplemental oxygen and stabilization of body temperature should be provided in severe cases. Canine Distemper in Ferrets Canine distemper in ferrets is a very serious threat so it’s essential to vaccinate your pet against this disease, as ferrets are very susceptible to it. At first, the ferret will be feverish and have a rash in the chin and groin area, followed by a lack of appetite and a thick mucus or pus discharge from the animal's eyes and nose. FIGURE 1. In a study of this outbreak, Trebbien showed that carnivores (foxes, raccoons, dogs, and ferrets) in that area affected by the disease died of CDV, showing an identity at the nucleotide level of 99.45% to 100%.9 In the United States, free-ranging raccoons (Procyon lotor) are the main species affected by CDV in wildlife, serving as a potential disease reservoir.3 A large outbreak of distemper in raccoons living around a large suburban zoo in the United States was reported in 2001.11, FIGURE 2.
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